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'' Rabochiy i Kolkhoznitsa (Worker and Kolkhoz Woman)'' ((ロシア語:Рабо́чий и колхо́зница) ''Rabochiy i Kolkhoznitsa'') is a famous landmark of monumental art, ''"the ideal and symbol of the Soviet epoch"'', that represents a dynamic sculpture group of two figures with a sickle and a hammer raised over their heads. It is 24.5 meters (78 feet) high, made from stainless steel by Vera Mukhina for the 1937 World's Fair in Paris,〔Richard Overy, ''The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia'', p260 ISBN 0-393-02030-4〕 and subsequently moved to Moscow. The sculpture is an example of the socialist realistic style, as well as Art Deco style. The worker holds aloft a hammer and the kolkhoz woman a sickle to form the hammer and sickle symbol.〔 ==History== The sculpture was originally created to crown the Soviet pavilion (architect: Boris Iofan) of the World's Fair.〔 The organizers had placed the Soviet and German pavilions facing each other across the main pedestrian boulevard at the Trocadéro on the north bank of the Seine.〔 Mukhina was inspired by her study of the classical ''Harmodius and Aristogeiton'', the ''Victory of Samothrace'' and ''La Marseillaise'', François Rude's sculptural group for the Arc de Triomphe,〔''Art and Power: Europe under the dictators'', 1995, ISBN 1-85332-148-6〕 to bring a monumental composition of socialist realist confidence to the heart of Paris. The symbolism of the two figures striding from West to East, as determined by the layout of the pavilion, was also not lost on the spectators.〔''Totalitarian Art'', Golomstock, 1990 ISBN 0-00-272169-4〕 Although as Mukhina said, her sculpture was intended "to continue the idea inherent in the building, and this sculpture was to be an inseparable part of the whole structure",〔''Arkhitekturnaya gazeta'', 28 February 1938〕 after the fair the ''Rabochiy i Kolkhoznitsa'' was relocated to Moscow where it was placed just outside the Exhibition of Achievements of the People's Economy. In 1941, the sculpture earned Mukhina one of the initial batch of Stalin Prizes.〔 The sculpture was removed for restoration in autumn of 2003 in preparation for Expo 2010. The original plan was for it to return in 2005, but because the World's Fair was not awarded to Moscow but to Shanghai, the restoration process was hampered by financial problems and re-installation was delayed. See (2007 photographs ) of the disassembled statue. It finally returned to its place at VDNKh on November 28, 2009. The revealing of the restored monument was held on the evening of December 4, 2009, accompanied by fireworks. The restored statue uses a new pavilion as its pedestal, increasing its total height from 34.5 meters (the old pedestal was 10 meters tall) to 60 meters (the new pavilion is 34.5 meters tall plus 24.5 meters of the statue's own height). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Worker and Kolkhoz Woman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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